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Paulinus of St. Bartholomew(b. at Hof am Leithaberge in Lower Austria, 25 April 1748; d. in Rome, 7 January 1806) was an Austrian Carmelite missionary and Orientalist. He is known by several names as Paulinus S. Bartholomaeo, Paolino da San Bartolomeo, Paulinus Paathiri, Paulin de St Barthelemi, Paulinus A S. Bartholomaeo, Johann Philipp Wesdin, or Johann Philipp Werdin.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias - Paulinus of St. Bartholomew )〕〔Paulinus a S. Bartholomaeo, Paolino da San Bartolomeo; known as Paulinus Paathiri; secular name Johann Philipp Wesdin.〕 He is also credited for being the author of first edition of the first Sanskrit grammar to be published in Europe. And, for being, one of the first Orientalist to remark upon the close relationship between Indian and European languages - others were William Jones, Gaston-Laurent Coeurdoux, and more. ==Life== He was born in a peasants family in Lower Austria, and took the religious habit at the age of twenty. He studied theology and philosophy at Prague. Having entered into the seminary of the missions of his order at Rome, he took the Oriental studies at the College of St Pancratius. He was sent in 1774 as missionary to Malabar, India. After passing fourteen years in India, he was appointed ''vicar-general'' of his order and apostolic visitor. He was very well versed in languages (he spoke German, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Portuguese, English, Malayalam, Sanskrit, and some languages of India). He became known in Kerala as ''Paulinus Paathiri''. He was one of the first to detect the similarity between Sanskrit and Indo-European languages, though not the first, that honour going probably to Fr Thomas Stephens, SJ. Recalled in 1789 to Rome to give an account of the state of that mission in Indostan, he was charged with the edition of books - to correct the Catechisms and elementary books printed at Rome - 〔 for the use of missionaries. On account of political troubles he stayed from 1798 to 1800 at Vienna. In Rome, he came into contact with Cardinal Stefano Borgia, Secretary of Propaganda Fide, antiquarian scholar and patron, who had set up in Velletri, his native city, the very well endowed Museo Borgiano. Cardinal Borgia appointed him his private secretary and financed the publication of many volumes of indology, among which the first European grammar of the Sanskrit language (''Sidharubam seu Grammatica Samscrdamica''), published in Rome in 1790. Paulinus also wrote, in Italian, a long essay on India (''Viaggio alle Indie Orientali'') which was translated into the principal European languages. In 1800, Pope Pius VII appointed him as counsellor of the Congregation of the Index and as inspector of studies at the Urban college of the Propaganda. He wrote an account of his travels, translated into French, under the title ''Voyage aux Index Orientales,'' published at Paris in 1808.〔 While in Europe, he also made known the works of Johann Ernst Hanxleden (''Arnos Paathiri''). He had carried some of Hanxleden's works to Europe. He also wrote about Hanxleden and quote him extensively in his memoirs. When Cardinal Borgia died suddenly at Lyons while accompanying Pius VII to Napoleon, Paulinus wrote a moving biography of him.〔Vitae synopsis Stephani Borgiae S.R.E. cardinalis amplissimi S. Congr. De Propaganda fide praefecti curante p. Paulino a S. Bartholomaeo carmelita discalceato. Romae, apud Antonium Fulgonium, 1805〕〔Carlo Gastone della Torre di Rezzonico, Lettera su' monumenti indici del Museo Borgiano illustrati dal padre Paolino di San Bartolomeo in Opere del cavaliere Carlo Castone conte Della Torre di Rezzonico patrizio comasco raccolte e pubblicate dal professore Francesco Mocchetti, Como, presso lo stampatore provinciale Carlantonio Ostinelli, 1820, Tomo VIII, p. 7-54〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paulinus of St. Bartholomew」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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